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Dakshinamurti Upanishad

(Chapter 43)

Chapter Quiz

Verse 1

brahmāvarte mahābhāṇḍīravaṭamūle mahāsatrāya sametā maharṣayaḥ śaunakādayaste ha samitpāṇayastattvajijñāsavo mārkaṇḍeyaṃ ciraṃjīvinamupasametya papracchuḥ kena tvaṃ ciraṃ jīvasi kena vānandamanubhavasīti ॥

AI Translation

In Brahmavarta, at the foot of the great Bhandira fig tree, for a great sacrifice, the great sages, led by Shaunaka, assembled. They, indeed, holding sacrificial twigs in their hands and desirous of knowing the truth, approached the long-lived Markandeya and asked, "By what means do you live long, and by what means do you experience bliss?"

Verse 2

paramarahasyaśivatattvajñāneneti sa hovāca ॥

AI Translation

Thus he spoke, by means of the knowledge of the supreme secret principle of Shiva.

Verse 3

kiṃ tatparamarahasyaśivatatvajñānam । tatra ko devaḥ । ke mantrāḥ । ko japaḥ । kā mudrā। kā niṣṭhā । kiṃ tajjñānasādhanam । kaḥ parikaraḥ । ko baliḥ । kaḥ kālaḥ । kiṃ tatsthānamiti ॥

AI Translation

What is that supreme secret knowledge of the Shiva-principle? Who is the deity there? What are the mantras? What is the recitation? What is the mudra (hand gesture)? What is the steadfast devotion? What is the means to that knowledge? What is the retinue (or accompaniment)? What is the offering? What is the time? What is that place?

Verse 4

sa hovāca । yena dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ śivo'parokṣīkṛto bhavati tatparamarahasyaśivatattvajñānam ।।

AI Translation

He said: "That by which Dakshinamukha Shiva is directly perceived, that is the supreme secret knowledge of the essence of Shiva."

Verse 5

yaḥ sarvoparame kāle sarvānātmanyupasaṃhṛtya svātmānandasukhe modate prakāśate vā sa devaḥ ।।

AI Translation

He who, at the time of the universal cessation, having withdrawn all into Himself, rejoices in the bliss of His own Self, or shines forth (in that state), He is the God.

Verse 6

atrete mantrarahasyaślokā bhavanti । medhā dakṣiṇāmūrtimantrasya brahmā ṛṣiḥ । gāyatrī chandaḥ । devatā dakṣiṇāsyaḥ । mantreṇāṅganyāsaḥ ॥

AI Translation

Here are these secret verses concerning the mantra. For the Medhā Dakṣiṇāmūrti mantra, Brahmā is the seer (ṛṣi). Gāyatrī is the meter (chandaḥ). The deity is Dakṣiṇāsya (the south-facing one). Aṅganyāsa (ritual assignment to the body) is performed with the mantra.

Verse 7

oṃ ādau nama uccārya tato bhagavate padam। dakṣiṇeti padaṃ paścānmūrtaye padamuddharet। asmacchabdaṃ caturthyantaṃ medhā prajñāṃ padaṃ vadet । pramuccārya tato vāyubījaṃ cchaṃ ca tataḥ paṭhet । agnijāyāṃ tatastveṣa caturviṃśākṣaro manuḥ ॥

AI Translation

First, having uttered 'Om' and 'Namaḥ', then the word 'Bhagavate'. Afterwards, one should utter the word 'Dakṣiṇa' and then the word 'Mūrtaye'. One should then say the word 'Asmat' in its dative form (i.e., 'Mahyam'), followed by 'Medhā Prajñāṁ'. Having uttered 'Pra', then the Vāyu-bīja (yaṃ) and 'Cchaṃ', one should then recite the wife of Agni (Svāhā). This, then, is the twenty-four syllabled mantra.

Verse 8

dhyānam। sphaṭikarajatavarṇaṃ mauktikīmakṣamālāmamṛtakalaśavidyāṃ jñānamudrāṃ karāgre । dadhatamuragakakṣyaṃ candracūḍaṃ trinetraṃ vidhṛtavividhabhūṣaṃ dakṣiṇāmūrtimīḍe ॥

AI Translation

Meditation. I praise Dakshinamurti, who is of the color of crystal and silver, holding a pearl rosary, a pot of nectar, knowledge, and the gesture of knowledge in his hands, wearing a serpent as a girdle, moon-crested, three-eyed, and adorned with various ornaments.

Verse 9

mantreṇa nyāsaḥ । ādau vedādimuccārya svarādyaṃ savisargakam । pāñcarṇaṃ tata uddhatya ataraṃ savisargakam । ante samuddharettāraṃ manureṣa navākṣaraḥ।।

AI Translation

The ritual placement (Nyāsa) is performed with this mantra. First, one should utter the Vedādi (Om). Then, the syllable beginning with a vowel and having a visarga (i.e., Haḥ). Next, having extracted the five-syllable (mantra segment, i.e., Namaḥ Śivāya), and then the syllable 'Ta' with a visarga (Taḥ). Finally, one should extract the Tāra (Om). This mantra has nine syllables.

Verse 10

mudrāṃ bhadrārdhadātrīṃ saparaśuhariṇaṃ bāhubhirbāhumekaṃ jānvāsaktaṃ dadhāno bhujagavarasamābaddha- kakṣyo vaṭādhaḥ । āsīnaścandrakhaṇḍapratighaṭita jaṭākṣīragaurastrinetro dadyādādyaḥ śukādyairmunibhira- bhivṛto bhāvaśuddhiṃ bhavo naḥ ॥

AI Translation

May that primal Bhava (Shiva), who is seated under a banyan tree, displaying the mudra that bestows ultimate welfare, holding an axe and a deer, with one of his arms resting on his knee, his waist bound by the king of serpents, whose matted hair is adorned with a crescent moon, who is white like milk and three-eyed, and who is surrounded by sages headed by Shuka, grant us purity of heart.

Verse 11

mantreṇa nyāsaḥ brahmarṣinyāsaḥ-tāraṃ blūṃ nama uccārya māyāṃ vāgbhavameva ca । dakṣiṇapadamuccārya tataḥ syānmūrtaye padam ॥

AI Translation

The mantra-nyāsa (or brahmarṣi-nyāsa): One should utter 'Om' (tāraṃ), 'blūṃ', 'namaḥ', 'Hrīṃ' (māyā), and 'Aim' (vāgbhava); then, having uttered the word 'dakṣiṇa', the word 'mūrtaye' should follow thereafter.

Verse 12

jñānaṃ dehi padaṃ paścādvahnijāyāṃ tato nyaseta। manuraṣṭādaśārṇo'yaṃ sarvamantreṣu gopitaḥ ॥

AI Translation

One should utter 'jñānaṃ dehi' (give knowledge), and afterwards place the word 'vahnijāyāṃ' (which signifies svāhā). This eighteen-syllabled mantra is kept secret among all mantras.

Verse 13

bhasmavyāpāṇḍarāṅgaḥ śaśiśakaladharo jñānamudrākṣamālāvīṇāpustairvirājakarakamaladharo yogapaṭṭābhirāmaḥ । vyākhyāpīṭhe niṣaṇṇo munivaranikaraiḥ sevyamānaḥ prasannaḥ savyāla: kṛttivāsāḥ satatamavatu no dakṣiṇāmūrtirīśaḥ ॥

AI Translation

May Lord Dakṣiṇāmūrti, whose body is pale-white with ash smeared all over, who wears a crescent moon, whose radiant lotus-like hands hold a knowledge-mudra, a rosary, a lute, and books, who is charming with a yoga-strap, who is seated on a teaching-seat, served by hosts of excellent sages, who is gracious, who wears serpents and a hide garment, always protect us.

Verse 14

mantreṇa nyāsaḥ। (brahmarṣinyāsaḥ )। tāraṃ parāṃ ramābījaṃ vadetsāmyaśivāya ca। tubhyaṃ cānalajāyāṃ ca manudarvādaśavarṇakaḥ ॥

AI Translation

The ritual placement (nyāsa) is to be performed with the mantra. (This is the nyāsa for Brahmarishis). One should pronounce the Praṇava (Om), the supreme bīja (Hrīṃ), and the Ramābīja (Śrīṃ), followed by 'sāmyashivāya', then 'tubhyaṃ' and 'svāhā' (born of fire). This constitutes the twelve-syllable mantra.

Verse 15

vīṇāṃ karai: pustakamakṣamālāṃ bibhrāṇamabhrābhagalaṃ varāḍhayam। phaṇīndrakakṣyaṃ munibhiḥ śukādyaiḥ sevyaṃ vaṭādhaḥ kṛtanīḍamīḍe ॥

AI Translation

I praise him who holds a Vina, a book, and a rosary in his hands; whose throat is dark like a cloud; who is endowed with supreme qualities; who has a king of serpents as his girdle; who is worshipped by sages headed by Shuka; and who has made his abode under a banyan tree.

Verse 16

viṣṇu ṛṣiranuṣṭup chandaḥ । devatā dakṣiṇāsyaḥ । mantreṇa nyāsaḥ । tāraṃ namo bhagavate tubhyaṃ vaṭapadaṃ tataḥ । mṛleti padamuccārya vāsine padamuddharet ॥

AI Translation

Viṣṇu is the sage, and Anuṣṭup is the meter. The deity is Dakṣiṇāsya. Nyāsa is performed using this mantra. (The mantra begins with) 'Tāram' (Om), then 'namo bhagavate tubhyaṃ', then the word 'vaṭa'. After uttering the word 'mṛla', one should add the word 'vāsine'.

Verse 17

vāgīśāya tataḥ pāścānmahājñānapadaṃ tataḥ । dāyine padamuccārya māyine nama uddharet॥

AI Translation

Then, one should utter the word 'Vāgīśāya' (to the Lord of Speech/Knowledge). Afterwards, the word 'mahājñānapada' (meaning 'great knowledge'). Then, having uttered the word 'dāyine' (to the bestower), one should formulate 'māyine namaḥ' (salutations to the wielder of Māyā).

Verse 18

ānuṣṭubho mantrarājaḥ sarvamantrottamottamaḥ ॥

AI Translation

This king of mantras, which is in the Anuṣṭubh meter, is the best of the best among all mantras.

Verse 19

dhyānam। mudrāpustakavahnināgavilasadbāhuṃ prasannānanaṃ muktāhāravibhūṣaṇaṃ śaśikalābhāsvatkirīṭojjavalam। ajñānāpahamādimādimagirāmarthaṃ bhavānīpatiṃ nyagrodhāntanivāsinaṃ paraguruṃ dhyāyāmyabhīṣṭāptaye ॥

AI Translation

Meditation. I meditate upon the Supreme Teacher for the attainment of my desired goal—Him whose arms are adorned with a mudra (gesture), a book, fire, and a serpent; whose face is serene; who is embellished with pearl necklaces; who is resplendent with a crown shining with the digit of the moon; who is the dispeller of ignorance; who is the meaning of the primal, primordial words (Vedas); who is the consort of Bhavani; and who resides at the foot of the Banyan tree.

Verse 20

maunamudrā। so'hamiti yāvadāsthitiḥ sā niṣṭhā bhavati ॥

AI Translation

The state of profound silence. As long as there is steadfast abiding in 'I am That', that becomes unwavering conviction.