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Pāśupata Upanishad

(Chapter 37)

Chapter Quiz

Verse 1

atha ha vai svayaṃbhūrbahmā prajāḥ sṛjānīti kāmakāmo jāyate kāmeśvaro vaiśravaṇaḥ ॥

AI Translation

Then, indeed, Svayambhu Brahma, desiring to create beings, (thinking) 'Let me create creatures,' arises as Kāmeśvara (the lord of desires) and Vaiśravaṇa.

Verse 2

vaiśravaṇo brahmaputro vālakhilyaḥ svayaṃbhuvaṃ paripṛcchati jagatāṃ kā vidyā kā devatā jāgratturīyayorasya ko devo yāni kasya vaśāni kālāḥ kiyatpramāṇāḥ kasyājñayā ravicandragrahādayo bhāsante kasya mahimā gaganasvarūpa etadahaṃ śrotumicchāmi nānyo jānāti tvaṃ brūhi brahman ॥

AI Translation

Vaiśravaṇa, the son of Brahmā, a Vālakhilya, asks Svayambhū (Brahma): "What is the knowledge of the worlds? Who is their deity? Who is the God of its waking and turīya states? What things are subject to whose control? How long are the divisions of time? By whose command do the sun, moon, planets, and others shine? Whose glory is of the nature of the sky? I wish to hear this. No one else knows. You tell me, O Brahman."

Verse 3

svayaṃbhūruvāca kṛtsnajagatāṃ mātṛkā vidyā॥

AI Translation

Svayambhu said: Knowledge is the mother of all worlds.

Verse 4

dvitrivarṇasahitā dvivarṇamātā trivarṇasahitā।caturmātrātmakoṅkāro mama prāṇātmikā devatā।।

AI Translation

The Oṅkāra (Om), which is associated with two or three syllables, is the mother of two syllables, and is endowed with three syllables; this Oṅkāra, comprising four mātrās, is my deity, the very life-force (Prana) itself.

Verse 5

ahameva jagatrayasyaikaḥ patiḥ ॥

AI Translation

I alone am the sole lord of the three worlds.

Verse 6

mama vaśāni sarvāṇi yugānyapi ॥

AI Translation

Even all ages are under my control.

Verse 7

ahorātrādayo matsaṃvardhitāḥ kālāḥ ॥

AI Translation

Days, nights, and the like, are the periods of time developed by me.

Verse 8

mama rūpā ravestejaścandranakṣatragrahatejāṃsi ca॥

AI Translation

My forms are the radiance of the sun, and the radiance of the moon, constellations, and planets.

Verse 9

gagano mama triśaktimāyāsvarūpo nānyo madasti ॥

AI Translation

The sky is my form, characterized by the three powers and Māyā. Nothing else exists apart from me.

Verse 10

tamomāyātmako rudraḥ sāttvikamāyātmako viṣṇū rājasamāyātmako brahmā ।indrādayastāma-sarājasātmikā na sāttvikaḥ ko'pi। aghoraḥ sarvasādhāraṇasvarūpaḥ ॥

AI Translation

Rudra is of the nature of tamas-māyā. Viṣṇu is of the nature of sattva-māyā. Brahmā is of the nature of rajas-māyā. Indra and others are of tamasic and rajasic nature; none of them are purely sāttvika. Aghora's nature is common to all.

Verse 11

samastayāgānāṃ rudraḥ paśupatiḥ kartā। rudro yāgadevo viṣṇuradhvaryurhotendro devatā yajñabhug mānasaṃ brahma maheśvaraṃ brahma ॥

AI Translation

Rudra, Paśupati, is the performer of all sacrifices. Rudra is the deity of the sacrifice. Vishnu is the Adhvaryu (priest), Indra is the Hotṛ (priest) and the deity (recipient of offerings). The enjoyer of the sacrifice is the mental Brahman. Maheśvara is Brahman.

Verse 12

mānaso haṃsaḥ so'haṃ haṃsa iti । tanmayayajño nādānusaṃdhānam। tanmayavikāro jīvaḥ ॥

AI Translation

The Self in the mind is 'I am that Self'. The sacrifice absorbed in That (the Self) is the contemplation of the primal sound (Nada). The modification absorbed in That (the Self) is the individual soul (Jiva).

Verse 13

paramātmasvarūpo haṃsaḥ। antarbahiścarati haṃsaḥ। antargato'navakāśāntargatasuparṇasvarūpo haṃsaḥ ॥

AI Translation

The Hamsa is the very nature of the Supreme Self. The Hamsa moves both within and without. The Hamsa, having entered within, is of the nature of Suparna dwelling within the boundless.

Verse 14

ṣaṇṇavatitattvatantuvaḍhyaktaṃ citsūtratrayacinmayalakṣaṇaṃ navatattvatrirāvṛtaṃ brahmaviṣṇumaheśva- rātmakamagnitrayakalopetaṃ cidgranthibandhanam advaitagranthiḥ ॥

AI Translation

The knot of non-duality (Advaita Grantha) is the binding of the knot of consciousness, manifested like the threads of ninety-six principles, characterized by three threads whose essence is pure consciousness, thrice enveloped by nine principles, having the nature of Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesvara, and endowed with the aspects of the three fires.

Verse 15

yajñasādhāraṇāṅgaṃ bahirantarjvalanaṃ yajñāṅgalakṣaṇabrahmasvarūpo haṃsaḥ ॥

AI Translation

The Haṃsa (the Self/Supreme Being) is the common constituent of sacrifice, the blazing fire both outside and inside, and whose true nature is Brahman, characterized by the components of sacrifice.

Verse 16

upavītalakṣaṇasūtrabrahmagā yajñāḥ । brahmāṅgalakṣaṇayukto yajñasūtram । tadbrahmasūtram। yajñasūtra-saṃbandhī brahmayajñaḥ tatsvarūpaḥ ॥

AI Translation

Sacrifices are characterized by the sacred thread and are related to Brahman. The sacred thread is endowed with the characteristic marks of the limbs of Brahman. That is the thread of Brahman. The Brahma-sacrifice, which is connected to the sacred thread, is of that very nature.

Verse 17

aṅgāni mātrāṇi । manoyajñasya haṃso yajñasūtram। praṇavaṃ brahmasūtraṃ brahmayajñamayam। praṇavāntarvartī haṃso brahmasūtram । tadeva brahmayajñamayaṃ mokṣakramam ॥

AI Translation

The limbs are the mātrās (measures/constituents). For the mental sacrifice, Hamsa (the inner Self/breath) is the sacred thread. Praṇava (Om) is the Brahmasutra (sacred thread of Brahman), constituted by the Brahman-sacrifice. The Hamsa (Self) residing within Praṇava is the Brahmasutra. That alone, which is of the nature of the Brahman-sacrifice, is the path to liberation.

Verse 18

brahmasaṃdhyākriyā manoyāgaḥ । saṃdhyākriyā manoyāgasya lakṣaṇam॥

AI Translation

The Brahma-Sandhya rite is mental worship. The (external) Sandhya rite is a characteristic of mental worship.

Verse 19

yajñasūtrapraṇavabrahmayajñakriyāyukto brāhmaṇaḥ । brahmacaryeṇa caranti devāḥ । haṃsasūtracaryā yajñāḥ। haṃsapraṇavayorabhedaḥ ॥

AI Translation

A Brāhmaṇa is engaged in the actions related to the sacred thread, Praṇava (Om), and the Brahma-sacrifice. The gods practice Brahmacarya. Sacrifices are the practice of the Haṃsa-sūtra. There is non-difference between Haṃsa and Praṇava.

Verse 20

haṃsasya prārthanāstrikālāḥ । trikālāstrivarṇāḥ । tretāgnyanusaṃdhāno yāgaḥ । tretāgnyātmā-kṛtivarṇoṅkārahaṃsānusaṃdhāno'ntaryāgaḥ ॥

AI Translation

The prayers of Hamsa (the individual soul/breath) occur at three times. These three times are (associated with) three syllables (or qualities). The (external) sacrifice (yāga) is the contemplation of the three (Vedic) fires. The inner sacrifice (antaryāga) is the contemplation of the Self (essence) of the three fires, the manifested syllable Om, and Hamsa.